ACE — Full Printable Linguistic Rules
This version contains all rules in one printable page.
Use Ctrl+P or browser print menu to export as PDF.
1. Arabic Verb Forms (I–X)
ACE supports automatic pattern detection for all ten classical forms.
Form Patterns
- Form I — faʕala (basic meaning)
- Form II — faʕʕala (causative / intensive)
- Form III — fāʕala (associative / mutual)
- Form IV — ʔafʕala (causative)
- Form V — tafaʕʕala (reflexive of II)
- Form VI — tafāʕala (reflexive of III)
- Form VII — infaʕala (passive/reflexive)
- Form VIII — iftaʕala (internal assimilation)
- Form IX — ifʕalla (colors / defects)
- Form X — istafʕala (seek / consider / request)
2. Tenses, Modes, and Categories (1–43)
ACE uses a 43-category tense model:
- Perfect Tenses: Active (1), Passive (7)
- Imperfect Indicative: Active (2), Passive (8)
- Imperfect Subjunctive: Active (3), Passive (9)
- Imperfect Jussive: Active (4), Passive (10)
- Imperfect Emphatics: Light (5), Heavy (6)
- Imperative / Prohibitive: (13–14)
- Noun Derivatives: Active/Passive participles, verbal nouns, instruments, adjectives
Each tense governs:
- Prefixes (ya-, ta-, na-, ʔa-)
- Vowels (infl1/infl2 in ACE)
- Suffixes based on pronoun
- Voice (active/passive)
3. The Fourteen Arabic Pronouns
- 3rd Person: هو، هما، هم، هي، هما، هن
- 2nd Person: أنتَ، أنتِ، أنتما، أنتم، أنتن
- 1st Person: أنا، نحن
ACE automatically generates conjugation for all pronouns in all forms and tenses.
4. Weak Verb Classification
- Assimilated (فعل المثال): First radical weak (و، ي)
- Hollow (الأجوف): Middle radical weak (قال، باع)
- Defective (الناقص): Final radical weak (دعا، رمى)
- Doubly Weak: Multiple radicals weak
ACE applies vowel collapse, hamzah rules, merging, shortening, and implicit alif deletion.
5. Tajweed Coloring
ACE uses a color-coded Tajweed engine:
- Throat letters (حروف الحلق): ء هـ ع ح غ خ
- Qalqalah (قلقلة): ق ط ب ج د
- Tafkhīm (تفخيم): ص ض ط ظ ق
- Tarqīq: Remaining letters
Additional features:
- Sukūn (ْ) insertion when two consonants meet
- Shaddah (ّ) when identical consonants merge
- Idghām / Ikhfā’ / Iqlāb automatic detection
6. Root Extraction Rules
ACE strips and analyzes in layers:
- Remove particles (لا، لن، لم، قد، سوف)
- Remove imperfect prefixes (ya-, ta-, na-, ʔa-)
- Strip perfect/imperfect suffixes
- Normalize vowels and digraphs (sh, kh, dh, gh, th, AA, H, etc.)
- Detect Form II–X structure
- Match in dictionary
Color-coded radicals:
- r0 (first radical)
- r1 (middle radical)
- r2 (final radical)
7. IPA Rendering Rules
- Long vowels: ā, ī, ū
- Short vowels: a, i, u
- Hamzah (ء): ʔ
- ʿAyn (ع): ʕ
- Shaddah: doubled consonant
- Sukūn: consonant with no vowel
ACE matches IPA to Arabic structure exactly.
8. Arabic Script Rendering
- Digraphs mapped: sh=ش, kh=خ, gh=غ, dh=ذ, th=ث
- AA → ع, H → ح, T → ط, D → ض
- Sukūn insertion rules
- Automatic shaddah placement
- Alif, Waw, Yeh lengthening rules
Printed Arabic uses your configured font settings.